数据
相对于非洲伙伴，肯尼亚在20世纪后期没有经历过严重的债务危机，因此不属于重债穷国（HIPC）计划，而且Chia在2000-2018年期间的债务减免也很小。肯尼亚经历的最不稳定时期是1992年至1993年，当时严重的干旱影响了咖啡产量和更广泛的农业部门。经济连续两年萎缩，政府实现了两位数的财政盈余，而公共债务占GDP的比例从54％增加到83％。
6%
经济增长
7.5 / 8
DR的债务透明度指数
70.2%
Gross Debt Position % Of GDP
-8.5%
Budget balance 2021
肯尼亚
债务与国内生产总值之比
In recent years, Kenya has had fairly stable growth averaging 5.7% over the past five years on the back of a strong service sector and improved consumption and investment. The acceleration of public investment initiatives has also contributed to greater public debt accumulation, which stands at 57% of GDP as of 2018. However, there has been a steady deterioration in Kenya’s fiscal deficit since 2004, which peaked in 2016 at 8.5%. More recently, government cost cutting and attempts to raise taxes, including more stringent criteria to qualify for tax exemptions, have reduced the deficit slightly, to 7.4%, although this is still not considered sustainable by some creditors.
In 2019, the IMF assessed the Kenyan debt situation to be sustainable, with a moderate risk of debt distress (thereby outperforming most of the African countries surveyed in this report). The IMF did not see the rising debt as a major source of concern because of its association with productive infrastructure investment aimed at promoting sustainable growth. As of 2019, despite the relatively high share of external debt, which accounts for 53% of total debt stock, Kenya’s investment climate is generally favourable while its foreign reserves are adequate at $8.5 billion. However, the IMF is keen for Kenya to continue to cut government costs and raise more taxes, including by reviewing tax exemptions. Kenya’s tax revenue collection represented 15.1% of GDP in 2018, placing Kenya below the 2017 African average of 17.2%.
Kenya provides a thorough range of debt and fiscal debt statistics through its Ministry of Finance data portal and the country scored the highest amongst analysed countries in the Debt Transparency Index.
肯尼亚
收入与预算余额
No Data Found
Taking Kenya’s entire external debt into consideration, Chinese loans make up around a quarter of Kenya’s debt stock because of the substantial share of multilateral and commercial debt. However, China is Kenya’s largest bilateral creditor, accounting for 78.3% of the latter’s official bilateral debt service. Key projects funded using Chinese loans include a railway line connecting Mombasa to Malaba (for $5.1 billion) and several geothermal wells (for $867 million).
中国债务与GDP之比
对中国的外债存量vs. 对其他国家 百万美元
No Data Found
The average interest rate on Kenya’s external debt commitments has risen in recent years, growing over four-fold to 5.8% in 2018 compared to 2013. This can be attributed to the greater use of commercial debt as a financing tool, representing a third of Kenyan external public debt as of late 2019.
Since the mid-2010s, Kenya has issued sovereign Eurobonds and syndicated loans, raising over $7 billion. As a result, concessional loans – comprising bilateral and multilateral loans that accounted for 90.7% of total external debt in mid-2013 – have since declined in relative importance within Kenya’s loan portfolio. In line with this development, the treasury amended regulations, changing the definition of the national debt ceiling from 50% of GDP to a larger absolute value of 9 trillion shillings. This gives Kenya more scope for commercial debt financing but also exposes the country to heightened risk, including vulnerability to exchange rate fluctuations. Nevertheless, Kenya’s credit rating is the fourth strongest amongst the countries analysed in this guide.
外债
No Data Found
No Data Found
Acknowledgements:
and The Development Reimagined Team
Statement on use of data:
55%
Listening Music
47%
Reading
36%
Gardening
25%
Sleeping
60%
Watching Tv
19%
Meditation
COVID-19
No Data Found
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